Chapter 15: Glossary
1. What does the word “Abundance” mean?
A. A very small quantity
B. A very large quantity of something
C. A lack of resources
D. A type of settlement
Answer: B. A very large quantity of something
2. What is an archaeologist?
A. A person who studies weather
B. A person who studies stars
C. A person who studies human history through excavation and physical remains
D. A person who manages a government office
Answer: C. A person who studies human history through excavation and physical remains
3. What does “Altitude” mean?
A. Height above sea level
B. Distance from the Equator
C. Depth below the ocean
D. Length of a river
Answer: A. Height above sea level
4. What is an astronaut?
A. A person who studies ancient buildings
B. A person who studies forests
C. A person who explores caves
D. A person trained to travel into outer space in a spacecraft
Answer: D. A person trained to travel into outer space in a spacecraft
5. What is a “Cloudburst”?
A. A period without rainfall
B. A sudden, violent rainstorm
C. A snowfall in a mountain region
D. A strong sea breeze
Answer: B. A sudden, violent rainstorm
6. What does “Collaborate” mean?
A. To work alone
B. To disagree with everyone
C. To work jointly on an activity or project
D. To stop an activity
Answer: C. To work jointly on an activity or project
7. What is a “Confluence”?
A. The meeting point of two or more rivers
B. The source of a river
C. The mouth of a volcano
D. The highest point of a mountain
Answer: A. The meeting point of two or more rivers
8. What is a constitution?
A. A collection of traditional stories
B. A map of a country
C. A list of market prices
D. A document stating the basic principles and laws of a nation
Answer: D. A document stating the basic principles and laws of a nation
9. What does “Conservation” mean?
A. Increasing the use of resources without limits
B. Preventing the wasteful use of a resource
C. Extracting all available resources
D. Selling resources in markets
Answer: B. Preventing the wasteful use of a resource
10. What is a constellation?
A. A group of rivers
B. A group of mountains
C. A group of stars forming a recognisable pattern
D. A group of planets forming a country
Answer: C. A group of stars forming a recognisable pattern
11. What does “Decentralise” mean?
A. Transfer control to local offices or authorities
B. Transfer all power to one person
C. Remove all local offices
D. Stop the functioning of government
Answer: A. Transfer control to local offices or authorities
12. What is a “Deity”?
A. A historical building
B. A government official
C. A traditional musical instrument
D. A god or goddess
Answer: D. A god or goddess
13. What does “Diverse” mean?
A. Exactly the same
B. Showing a great deal of variety
C. Very small in number
D. Completely empty
Answer: B. Showing a great deal of variety
14. What are economic sectors?
A. Groups of geographical regions
B. Different types of natural disasters
C. Broad groups of activities that contribute to a nation’s economic prosperity
D. Groups of stars in the sky
Answer: C. Broad groups of activities that contribute to a nation’s economic prosperity
15. What is an “Elite”?
A. Higher layers of society, such as rulers and officials
B. A group of farmers only
C. A group of young children
D. People who live in forests only
Answer: A. Higher layers of society, such as rulers and officials
16. What is an estuary?
A. The source of a river
B. A lake surrounded by mountains
C. A waterfall in a forest
D. The place where a river meets the sea
Answer: D. The place where a river meets the sea
17. What does “Evolution” mean?
A. The sudden movement of a river
B. The development of living organisms from earlier forms over Earth’s history
C. The construction of a building
D. The movement of people between cities
Answer: B. The development of living organisms from earlier forms over Earth’s history
18. What does “Exploration” mean?
A. Protecting a resource from waste
B. Recording a person’s salary
C. Searching and finding out about something
D. Selling goods in a market
Answer: C. Searching and finding out about something
19. What are “Finished goods”?
A. Goods that have completed the manufacturing process
B. Raw materials found in forests
C. Products that have not been processed
D. Goods that are no longer usable
Answer: A. Goods that have completed the manufacturing process
20. What does “Flora” refer to?
A. The animal life of a region
B. The rocks of a region
C. The rivers of a region
D. The plant life of a region
Answer: D. The plant life of a region
21. What are fossils?
A. Artificial objects made in factories
B. Preserved remains or impressions of plants or animals found in rocks or soil
C. Fresh leaves collected from forests
D. Newly formed minerals only
Answer: B. Preserved remains or impressions of plants or animals found in rocks or soil
22. What does “Foster” mean?
A. To destroy something
B. To remove something completely
C. To encourage the development of something
D. To hide something from others
Answer: C. To encourage the development of something
23. What is greenhouse farming?
A. Growing plants in a controlled environment to improve crop yields
B. Growing plants only in deserts
C. Growing crops without using land
D. Growing plants only under natural forest cover
Answer: A. Growing plants in a controlled environment to improve crop yields
24. What does GMT stand for?
A. General Meridian Time
B. Global Monthly Time
C. Geographic Mean Temperature
D. Greenwich Mean Time
Answer: D. Greenwich Mean Time
25. What is a hamlet?
A. A large industrial city
B. A small settlement or small village
C. A national capital
D. A large port
Answer: B. A small settlement or small village
26. What does “Heritage” mean?
A. Newly manufactured products
B. Natural disasters affecting a region
C. Valued objects and cultural traditions passed down from previous generations
D. Rules made for a market
Answer: C. Valued objects and cultural traditions passed down from previous generations
27. What is a historian?
A. A person who studies and writes about the past
B. A person who studies only weather
C. A person who manufactures goods
D. A person who manages a hospital
Answer: A. A person who studies and writes about the past
28. What does “Implementation” mean?
A. Preparing a plan without acting on it
B. Discussing a problem without a solution
C. Cancelling a decision
D. Putting a decision or plan into effect
Answer: D. Putting a decision or plan into effect
29. What is an “Import”?
A. Goods produced and sold within the same village
B. The purchase of goods by one country from other countries
C. Goods given away without payment
D. The sale of goods to another country
Answer: B. The purchase of goods by one country from other countries
30. What is Indian Standard Time (IST)?
A. The time observed only in Greenwich
B. A time used only in one Indian city
C. India’s official time, 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT
D. A time zone that is 12 hours behind GMT
Answer: C. India’s official time, 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT
31. What is interdependence?
A. The dependence of two or more people or things on each other
B. Complete independence from others
C. The separation of two communities
D. The refusal to cooperate
Answer: A. The dependence of two or more people or things on each other
32. Where is the International Date Line located approximately?
A. At 0° latitude
B. At 90°N latitude
C. At 0° longitude
D. At 180° longitude
Answer: D. At 180° longitude
33. What is livestock?
A. Wild plants growing in forests
B. Farm animals regarded as an asset
C. Machinery used in factories
D. Goods stored in warehouses
Answer: B. Farm animals regarded as an asset
34. What is a manuscript?
A. A printed map
B. A stone building
C. A document written by hand on material such as paper, cloth or palm leaf
D. A modern machine
Answer: C. A document written by hand on material such as paper, cloth or palm leaf
35. What is a market?
A. A place where people exchange goods and services
B. A place used only for worship
C. A place where no transactions occur
D. A place used only for storing water
Answer: A. A place where people exchange goods and services
36. What is a meridian of longitude?
A. An imaginary line running east to west parallel to the Equator
B. A line marking the boundary of a country
C. A line showing the height of a mountain
D. An imaginary half-circle running from the North Pole to the South Pole
Answer: D. An imaginary half-circle running from the North Pole to the South Pole
37. What is a nuclear family?
A. A family including every relative in a village
B. A family consisting of parents or a parent and their children, excluding relatives such as grandparents and uncles
C. A group of unrelated people living in a city
D. A group consisting only of grandparents
Answer: B. A family consisting of parents or a parent and their children, excluding relatives such as grandparents and uncles
38. What are parallels of latitude?
A. Lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole
B. Lines marking national borders
C. Imaginary lines running east to west, parallel to the Equator
D. Lines showing river directions
Answer: C. Imaginary lines running east to west, parallel to the Equator
39. What is the Prime Meridian?
A. The meridian of longitude designated at 0°, passing through Greenwich, England
B. The line at 90°N
C. The line at 180° longitude
D. The Equator at 0° latitude
Answer: A. The meridian of longitude designated at 0°, passing through Greenwich, England
40. What is pasteurisation?
A. Freezing food to preserve it
B. Drying crops in sunlight
C. Separating stones from soil
D. Heating milk to a specific temperature to kill harmful bacteria
Answer: D. Heating milk to a specific temperature to kill harmful bacteria
41. What is “Payment in kind”?
A. Payment made only through a bank transfer
B. A non-cash payment received for work performed
C. A fixed monthly salary only
D. A payment made exclusively in coins
Answer: B. A non-cash payment received for work performed
42. What is precipitation?
A. Water stored only in oceans
B. Water moving underground
C. Water from the atmosphere reaching the ground as rain, snow or hail
D. Water evaporating from rivers
Answer: C. Water from the atmosphere reaching the ground as rain, snow or hail
43. What is a reservoir?
A. A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply
B. A narrow mountain path
C. A dry desert
D. A building used to manufacture clothes
Answer: A. A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply
44. What does “Resilience” mean?
A. The inability to adapt to change
B. The complete absence of difficulties
C. The process of extracting minerals
D. The capacity to face challenges, adapt and overcome difficulties
Answer: D. The capacity to face challenges, adapt and overcome difficulties
45. What is a salary?
A. A payment made only for professional advice
B. A fixed, regular payment generally made monthly by an employer to an employee
C. A non-cash payment made only in crops
D. A voluntary contribution without payment
Answer: B. A fixed, regular payment generally made monthly by an employer to an employee
46. What is the secondary sector?
A. The sector concerned only with extracting natural resources
B. The sector concerned only with providing services
C. The sector that processes raw materials from the primary sector into products
D. The sector concerned only with education
Answer: C. The sector that processes raw materials from the primary sector into products
47. What is a standard time zone?
A. A zone typically 15° of longitude wide, corresponding to a one-hour time difference
B. A zone covering only one village
C. A region where time is not measured
D. A zone that always covers 180° of longitude
Answer: A. A zone typically 15° of longitude wide, corresponding to a one-hour time difference
48. What is terrace farming?
A. Farming conducted only in greenhouses
B. Farming on flat land near the sea
C. Farming without cultivating soil
D. Cultivation on steps cut into mountain slopes
Answer: D. Cultivation on steps cut into mountain slopes
49. What is the tertiary sector?
A. The sector that extracts raw materials from nature
B. The sector that provides services complementing the primary and secondary sectors
C. The sector that only manufactures finished goods
D. The sector that only grows crops
Answer: B. The sector that provides services complementing the primary and secondary sectors
50. What is a warehouse?
A. A building used only for residential purposes
B. A place where crops are always grown
C. A large building used to store products before they are sold, used or rented out
D. A place where rivers meet the sea
Answer: C. A large building used to store products before they are sold, used or rented out
