CHAPTER 1: WORLD GEOGRAPHY: SOME GLIMPSES
Q1. What is the shape of the Earth described in the chapter?
A. A perfect cube
B. A flat disc
C. An oblate spheroid
D. A perfect cylinder
Answer: C. An oblate spheroid
Q2. Who is a cartographer?
A. A person who studies only oceans
B. A person who draws or produces maps
C. A person who studies weather
D. A person who explores minerals
Answer: B. A person who draws or produces maps
Q3. What is a map projection?
A. The process of showing the Earth on a flat surface
B. The process of measuring rainfall
C. The process of forming mountains
D. The process of dividing oceans into regions
Answer: A. The process of showing the Earth on a flat surface
Q4. Why do all flat maps of the Earth have some distortion?
A. The Earth has no fixed geographical features.
B. The oceans constantly change their positions.
C. The continents are not attached to the Earth.
D. It is impossible to flatten the Earth’s curved surface without distortion.
Answer: D. It is impossible to flatten the Earth’s curved surface without distortion.
Q5. Which colour represents water bodies on the physical maps described in the chapter?
A. Green
B. Blue
C. Yellow
D. Dark brown
Answer: B. Blue
Q6. Which colour is used to represent plains on the physical maps described in the chapter?
A. White
B. Dark brown
C. Green
D. Blue
Answer: C. Green
Q7. Which map projection preserves shapes and directions and is useful for navigation?
A. Mercator Projection
B. Robinson Projection
C. Polar Projection
D. Continental Projection
Answer: A. Mercator Projection
Q8. What is a major limitation of the Mercator Projection?
A. It does not show any oceans.
B. It cannot show the direction of places.
C. It represents every continent with the same size.
D. It greatly distorts the size of regions near the poles.
Answer: D. It greatly distorts the size of regions near the poles.
Q9. What is the main characteristic of the Robinson Projection?
A. It shows only the Northern Hemisphere.
B. It balances distortions in size and shape.
C. It preserves every distance exactly.
D. It displays only ocean currents.
Answer: B. It balances distortions in size and shape.
Q10. Which two coordinates are used by professionals to locate places more precisely on the Earth?
A. Altitude and rainfall
B. Temperature and pressure
C. Latitude and longitude
D. Population and area
Answer: C. Latitude and longitude
Q11. Approximately what percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans?
A. 71 per cent
B. 50 per cent
C. 35 per cent
D. 97 per cent
Answer: A. 71 per cent
Q12. Approximately what percentage of the Earth’s water is held by the oceans?
A. 25 per cent
B. 50 per cent
C. 71 per cent
D. 97 per cent
Answer: D. 97 per cent
Q13. Why is the Earth often called the Blue Planet?
A. Most of its land is covered with blue soil.
B. Its oceans make it appear blue when viewed from space.
C. Its atmosphere is made entirely of blue gases.
D. Its mountains are mostly blue in colour.
Answer: B. Its oceans make it appear blue when viewed from space.
Q14. Which tiny marine organisms help produce a substantial part of the oxygen we breathe?
A. Corals
B. Sea turtles
C. Plankton
D. Blue whales
Answer: C. Plankton
Q15. Which of the following is NOT one of the five oceans mentioned in the chapter?
A. Mediterranean Ocean
B. Indian Ocean
C. Atlantic Ocean
D. Southern Ocean
Answer: A. Mediterranean Ocean
Q16. Which ocean is described as the largest and deepest?
A. Arctic Ocean
B. Indian Ocean
C. Atlantic Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean
Answer: D. Pacific Ocean
Q17. Which ocean is described as the smallest and shallowest and as being covered with sea ice?
A. Southern Ocean
B. Arctic Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Atlantic Ocean
Answer: B. Arctic Ocean
Q18. What are ocean currents?
A. Permanent walls separating oceans
B. Underground freshwater lakes
C. Large streams of water flowing through the oceans
D. Mountains located on the seafloor
Answer: C. Large streams of water flowing through the oceans
Q19. What do warm ocean currents generally do?
A. Carry warm water from the equator towards the poles
B. Carry cold water from the poles towards the equator
C. Stop the movement of ocean water
D. Prevent moisture from entering the atmosphere
Answer: A. Carry warm water from the equator towards the poles
Q20. How does the Gulf Stream influence Western Europe?
A. It causes the region to become a permanent desert.
B. It prevents rainfall throughout the year.
C. It makes the region colder than all places at the same latitude.
D. Its warm water makes places such as the United Kingdom warmer than other places at the same latitude.
Answer: D. Its warm water makes places such as the United Kingdom warmer than other places at the same latitude.
Q21. What are ocean trenches?
A. Shallow areas covered by coral reefs
B. Very deep, V-shaped areas on the seafloor
C. Flat agricultural regions near the sea
D. Narrow channels connecting two oceans
Answer: B. Very deep, V-shaped areas on the seafloor
Q22. Which is the deepest ocean trench described in the chapter?
A. Java Trench
B. Puerto Rico Trench
C. Mariana Trench
D. Peru-Chile Trench
Answer: C. Mariana Trench
Q23. What is the name of the deepest section of the Mariana Trench?
A. Challenger Deep
B. Grand Canyon
C. Great Rift Valley
D. Great Basin
Answer: A. Challenger Deep
Q24. How do some organisms survive in the darkness of deep ocean trenches?
A. They depend entirely on sunlight.
B. They obtain all their food from trees.
C. They survive only by migrating to the surface.
D. Some use energy from chemicals in the water to produce food.
Answer: D. Some use energy from chemicals in the water to produce food.
Q25. Why are coral reefs often called the rainforests of the sea?
A. They contain large areas of tropical forest.
B. They provide food and shelter for a great variety of marine species.
C. They prevent all ocean pollution.
D. They are found only in freshwater lakes.
Answer: B. They provide food and shelter for a great variety of marine species.
Q26. Which of the following threatens the Great Barrier Reef?
A. Responsible fishing alone
B. The natural movement of tides alone
C. Overfishing, pollution and climate change
D. The formation of new islands alone
Answer: C. Overfishing, pollution and climate change
Q27. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
A. Off the northeastern coast of Australia
B. Off the western coast of Africa
C. In the Arctic Ocean
D. Near the Mediterranean coast of Europe
Answer: A. Off the northeastern coast of Australia
Q28. Which statement correctly describes a strait?
A. A large, partly enclosed saltwater area connected to an ocean
B. A large inlet of the sea that deeply cuts into land
C. A broad inlet of the sea
D. A narrow channel joining two seas or oceans
Answer: D. A narrow channel joining two seas or oceans
Q29. Which of the following is a man-made channel connecting water bodies?
A. Arabian Sea
B. Suez Canal
C. Bay of Bengal
D. Persian Gulf
Answer: B. Suez Canal
Q30. Which two water bodies are connected by the Suez Canal?
A. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal
B. Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
C. Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea
D. Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean
Answer: C. Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea
Q31. What is the main characteristic of a mountain?
A. It is much higher than the surrounding landscape and usually has steep slopes.
B. It is always a flat area with fertile soil.
C. It is a large area with very little precipitation.
D. It is a narrow channel between two water bodies.
Answer: A. It is much higher than the surrounding landscape and usually has steep slopes.
Q32. What is a plateau?
A. A deep valley filled with seawater
B. A low-lying coastal plain
C. A large expanse of permanently frozen ocean
D. An elevated landform with a more or less flat surface
Answer: D. An elevated landform with a more or less flat surface
Q33. Which of the following best describes a desert?
A. A region that receives heavy rainfall throughout the year
B. A large, dry area with very little precipitation
C. A region covered entirely by dense forests
D. A region that always remains below freezing temperature
Answer: B. A large, dry area with very little precipitation
Q34. How many continents are commonly recognised in the chapter?
A. Five
B. Six
C. Seven
D. Eight
Answer: C. Seven
Q35. Why is the Tibetan Plateau called the Roof of the World?
A. It is the highest and largest plateau on Earth.
B. It is the lowest plain on Earth.
C. It is completely covered by tropical forests.
D. It is the largest desert in Africa.
Answer: A. It is the highest and largest plateau on Earth.
Q36. What geological process led to the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayan mountain range?
A. Deposition of sand by ocean currents alone
B. The melting of glaciers alone
C. Wind erosion alone
D. Collision of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates
Answer: D. Collision of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates
Q37. Why is the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains called the Third Pole?
A. It is the third-largest continent.
B. It contains the largest reserves of freshwater outside the polar regions.
C. It is the third-deepest ocean trench.
D. It lies entirely within the Arctic Circle.
Answer: B. It contains the largest reserves of freshwater outside the polar regions.
Q38. Which three major rivers are identified as originating from the Tibetan Plateau?
A. Nile, Amazon and Mississippi
B. Rhine, Danube and Volga
C. Indus, Brahmaputra and Yangtze
D. Thames, Seine and Tigris
Answer: C. Indus, Brahmaputra and Yangtze
Q39. What is the annual precipitation level used to describe deserts in the chapter?
A. Less than 25 cm per year
B. More than 200 cm per year
C. Exactly 100 cm per year
D. More than 300 cm per year
Answer: A. Less than 25 cm per year
Q40. Why is Mongolia called the Land of the Eternal Blue Sky?
A. It receives rainfall every day.
B. It is covered by oceans.
C. It has no winter season.
D. It experiences about eight to nine months of sunny weather.
Answer: D. It experiences about eight to nine months of sunny weather.
Q41. What is a major ecological benefit of the Eurasian Steppes?
A. They prevent all forms of soil erosion everywhere.
B. They act as a global carbon sink by absorbing carbon and storing it underground.
C. They eliminate the need for water resources.
D. They stop all greenhouse gas emissions.
Answer: B. They act as a global carbon sink by absorbing carbon and storing it underground.
Q42. Which mountain range forms a natural boundary between Europe and Asia?
A. Andes
B. Alps
C. Ural Mountains
D. Rocky Mountains
Answer: C. Ural Mountains
Q43. What is permafrost?
A. Soil that remains frozen for most of the time
B. A permanently dry area without vegetation
C. A warm ocean current
D. A type of coral reef
Answer: A. Soil that remains frozen for most of the time
Q44. What may happen when global warming causes permafrost to melt?
A. All greenhouse gases disappear from the atmosphere.
B. Ocean currents stop permanently.
C. All mountain glaciers become permanent.
D. Stored greenhouse gases can be released, speeding up climate change.
Answer: D. Stored greenhouse gases can be released, speeding up climate change.
Q45. Why is the European Plain important for agriculture and settlement?
A. It is entirely covered by glaciers.
B. Its fertile soils, relatively flat land and favourable climate support farming and cities.
C. It receives no rainfall.
D. It has no rivers or natural resources.
Answer: B. Its fertile soils, relatively flat land and favourable climate support farming and cities.
Q46. Which is the largest hot desert in the world, according to the chapter?
A. Gobi Desert
B. Thar Desert
C. Sahara Desert
D. Atacama Desert
Answer: C. Sahara Desert
Q47. Why has the River Nile been important to ancient Egyptian civilisation?
A. It provided water and irrigation, supported agriculture and served as a transport route.
B. It prevented all farming in Egypt.
C. It isolated Egypt from all neighbouring regions.
D. It provided only mineral resources.
Answer: A. It provided water and irrigation, supported agriculture and served as a transport route.
Q48. Which mountain range runs along the western coast of South America?
A. Ural Mountains
B. Alps
C. Rocky Mountains
D. Andes Mountains
Answer: D. Andes Mountains
Q49. What is one major environmental threat to the Amazon Rainforest?
A. The complete absence of rivers
B. Deforestation and climate change
C. The lack of indigenous communities
D. The absence of plant nutrients
Answer: B. Deforestation and climate change
Q50. What lesson does the chapter emphasise about human actions and the environment?
A. Natural resources can be used without any consequences.
B. Environmental protection is unrelated to human activities.
C. Human activities can damage ecosystems, so responsible resource use and conservation are important.
D. Climate change affects only deserts and never oceans.
Answer: C. Human activities can damage ecosystems, so responsible resource use and conservation are important.
