1. 🧬 Who is known as the father of genetics?
- A. Charles Darwin
- B. Gregor Mendel
- C. Watson
- D. Lamarck
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Gregor Mendel
2. 🧪 What is the unit of heredity?
- A. DNA
- B. Gene
- C. Chromosome
- D. Protein
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Gene
3. 👩👦 In Mendel’s experiments, which trait was dominant?
- A. Short plant
- B. Green pod
- C. Wrinkled seed
- D. Tall plant
🔍 Show Answer
✅ D. Tall plant
4. 🧬 Genes are located on:
- A. Nucleus
- B. Ribosomes
- C. Chromosomes
- D. Cytoplasm
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Chromosomes
5. 🧫 What determines the sex of a child in humans?
- A. Egg
- B. Ovaries
- C. Father
- D. Mother
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Father
6. 🔁 A cross between two contrasting traits is called:
- A. Monohybrid cross
- B. Dihybrid cross
- C. Test cross
- D. Back cross
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Monohybrid cross
7. 🧠 Which concept was NOT proposed by Darwin?
- A. Natural selection
- B. Inheritance of acquired traits
- C. Variation
- D. Survival of the fittest
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Inheritance of acquired traits
8. 🔬 DNA copying during reproduction results in:
- A. No changes
- B. Identical organisms
- C. Variation
- D. Mutation always
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Variation
9. 🧬 Evolution is the change in:
- A. DNA sequence
- B. Traits of organisms over generations
- C. Size of organisms
- D. Color of organisms only
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Traits of organisms over generations
10. 🦴 Fossils help us to:
- A. Identify living species
- B. Study internal organs
- C. Understand evolutionary relationships
- D. Know chemical reactions
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Understand evolutionary relationships
11. 🧪 What is the shape of DNA?
- A. Single helix
- B. Circular
- C. Double helix
- D. Linear chain
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Double helix
12. 👪 In humans, the number of chromosome pairs is:
- A. 22
- B. 23
- C. 46
- D. 44
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. 23
13. 🧬 Which of these is a sex chromosome?
- A. X
- B. Y
- C. Both A and B
- D. Z
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Both A and B
14. 🔁 A pure tall (TT) plant crossed with pure dwarf (tt) gives:
- A. All tall
- B. All dwarf
- C. 1 tall : 1 dwarf
- D. 3 tall : 1 dwarf
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. All tall
15. 🧫 Which of the following shows inherited traits?
- A. Tattoos
- B. Weight
- C. Eye color
- D. Piercing
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Eye color
16. 🧬 Evolution acts on:
- A. Individuals
- B. Populations
- C. Cells
- D. Organs
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Populations
17. 🧠 Lamarck’s theory was based on:
- A. Natural selection
- B. Acquired characteristics
- C. Mutation
- D. Gene flow
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Acquired characteristics
18. 🦖 Fossils provide evidence for:
- A. Reproduction
- B. Development
- C. Evolution
- D. Environment
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Evolution
19. 📊 What is the phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross?
- A. 1:2:1
- B. 3:1
- C. 9:3:3:1
- D. 1:1
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. 9:3:3:1
20. 🧬 DNA copies are not identical due to:
- A. Error in copying
- B. Mitosis
- C. Stability
- D. Genes
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Error in copying
21. 🐦 Darwin observed which birds on Galapagos Islands?
- A. Sparrows
- B. Finches
- C. Eagles
- D. Doves
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Finches
22. 🧬 Which is the hereditary material in humans?
- A. Protein
- B. RNA
- C. DNA
- D. Carbohydrates
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. DNA
23. 🔁 Recessive traits appear only when:
- A. One allele is recessive
- B. Both alleles are dominant
- C. One allele is dominant
- D. Both alleles are recessive
🔍 Show Answer
✅ D. Both alleles are recessive
24. 🌱 Which is a vestigial organ in humans?
- A. Liver
- B. Appendix
- C. Kidney
- D. Pancreas
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Appendix
25. 🧫 Mutation is:
- A. Sudden change in DNA
- B. Long-term evolution
- C. Food digestion
- D. Reproduction
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Sudden change in DNA
26. 🧬 Traits inherited independently follow:
- A. Law of dominance
- B. Law of segregation
- C. Law of independent assortment
- D. Law of variation
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Law of independent assortment
27. 🐟 Fish and humans share:
- A. Gills
- B. Scales
- C. Vertebral column
- D. Fins
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Vertebral column
28. 🧬 A genotype with two same alleles is:
- A. Heterozygous
- B. Homozygous
- C. Dominant
- D. Recessive
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Homozygous
29. 🧠 Who gave the theory of natural selection?
- A. Darwin
- B. Mendel
- C. Lamarck
- D. Watson
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Darwin
30. 🦴 Which evidence supports evolution?
- A. Fossils
- B. Plants
- C. Cells
- D. Organs
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Fossils
31. 🧬 In which organisms are variations more noticeable?
- A. Asexually reproducing
- B. Sexually reproducing
- C. Both equally
- D. None
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Sexually reproducing
32. 🔁 Which generation in Mendel’s experiment shows recessive traits?
- A. F₁ generation
- B. F₂ generation
- C. P generation
- D. None
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. F₂ generation
33. 🧠 Which of the following is not an inherited trait?
- A. Eye color
- B. Blood group
- C. Pierced ear
- D. Hair texture
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Pierced ear
34. 🧬 Which of the following determines sex in humans?
- A. 22nd chromosome pair
- B. Mitochondria
- C. X and Y chromosomes
- D. DNA length
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. X and Y chromosomes
35. 🌿 Analogous organs show:
- A. Common origin and function
- B. Common function but different origin
- C. No similarity
- D. Same origin
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Common function but different origin
36. 🧪 Who proposed the theory of acquired characters?
- A. Darwin
- B. Mendel
- C. Lamarck
- D. Watson
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Lamarck
37. 🦷 Wisdom teeth in humans are:
- A. Homologous
- B. Analogous
- C. Vestigial
- D. Mutated
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Vestigial
38. 🦋 Which of the following has identical genetic makeup?
- A. Father and son
- B. Twins from sexual reproduction
- C. Clones
- D. Siblings
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Clones
39. 🔬 Evolution is a:
- A. Sudden process
- B. Continuous process
- C. Reversible process
- D. Short-term process
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Continuous process
40. 🧬 Which is a dominant trait in pea plants?
- A. Dwarfness
- B. Green seed
- C. Yellow seed
- D. Wrinkled seed
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Yellow seed
41. 🐾 Homologous organs show:
- A. Similar function
- B. Different structure and function
- C. Common origin
- D. No relation
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Common origin
42. 🧠 Traits are inherited through:
- A. Hormones
- B. Muscles
- C. Genes
- D. Enzymes
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Genes
43. 🧬 Inherited traits are controlled by:
- A. Environmental factors
- B. Genes
- C. Learning
- D. Habits
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Genes
44. 🧪 The preserved remains of ancient life are called:
- A. Embryos
- B. Fossils
- C. Mutations
- D. Variants
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Fossils
45. 🧬 How many alleles does a gene have?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. 2
46. 🌿 What causes variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
- A. Environment
- B. Mutation only
- C. DNA copying error
- D. Recombination of genes
🔍 Show Answer
✅ D. Recombination of genes
47. 🧠 Genetics is the study of:
- A. Environment
- B. Genes and heredity
- C. Cells
- D. Atoms
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Genes and heredity
48. 🧬 Which molecule carries genetic information?
- A. RNA
- B. DNA
- C. Protein
- D. ATP
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. DNA
49. 🧬 A sudden change in DNA is called:
- A. Evolution
- B. Variation
- C. Mutation
- D. Fossil
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Mutation
50. 🐦 The concept of natural selection was given by:
- A. Mendel
- B. Darwin
- C. Watson
- D. Lamarck
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Darwin
51. 🌍 Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?
- A. Coal
- B. Petroleum
- C. Natural Gas
- D. Fossil bone
🔍 Show Answer
✅ D. Fossil bone
52. 🧬 Who is known as the father of genetics?
- A. Charles Darwin
- B. Watson
- C. Gregor Mendel
- D. Wallace
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Gregor Mendel
53. 🧠 Which of the following is not inherited?
- A. Blood type
- B. Intelligence
- C. Eye color
- D. Pierced nose
🔍 Show Answer
✅ D. Pierced nose
54. 🔬 What is variation?
- A. Differences among individuals
- B. Similarities in species
- C. Natural selection
- D. Inheritance of DNA
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Differences among individuals
55. 🧬 Which of the following is not a vestigial organ?
- A. Appendix
- B. Wisdom tooth
- C. Nail
- D. Nictitating membrane
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Nail
56. 🌱 The law of segregation is also called:
- A. Law of dominance
- B. Law of purity of gametes
- C. Law of uniformity
- D. Law of assortment
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Law of purity of gametes
57. 🧬 Which is a character controlled by a single gene?
- A. Height
- B. Blood group
- C. Skin color
- D. Intelligence
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Blood group
58. 🧬 Which scientist discovered chromosomes?
- A. Sutton
- B. Mendel
- C. Lamarck
- D. Charles Darwin
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Sutton
59. 🧬 What type of reproduction leads to variation?
- A. Asexual reproduction
- B. Binary fission
- C. Budding
- D. Sexual reproduction
🔍 Show Answer
✅ D. Sexual reproduction
60. 🌱 What does gene flow refer to?
- A. Transfer of genes within a family
- B. Transfer of genes between populations
- C. DNA replication
- D. DNA mutation
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Transfer of genes between populations
61. 🧬 What are alleles?
- A. Similar chromosomes
- B. Alternative forms of a gene
- C. Types of DNA
- D. Sex cells
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Alternative forms of a gene
62. 🧪 Mendel worked on:
- A. Fruit flies
- B. Pea plants
- C. Corn plants
- D. Mice
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Pea plants
63. 🧬 What is a genotype?
- A. Physical appearance
- B. Genetic makeup
- C. DNA mutation
- D. Fossil form
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Genetic makeup
64. 🔬 Variation helps in:
- A. Reproduction
- B. Nutrition
- C. Evolution
- D. Respiration
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Evolution
65. 🧬 DNA copies formed during reproduction are:
- A. Identical always
- B. Random
- C. Slightly different
- D. Unstable
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Slightly different
66. 🧬 DNA fingerprinting is used for:
- A. Blood grouping
- B. Eye testing
- C. Identity verification
- D. Organ transplant
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Identity verification
67. 🌍 Which process leads to the formation of new species?
- A. Breeding
- B. Mutation
- C. Speciation
- D. Gene flow
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Speciation
68. 🧬 What is the chromosomal condition for a female child?
- A. XX
- B. XY
- C. YY
- D. XO
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. XX
69. 🧠 Who determines the sex of the child?
- A. Mother
- B. Father
- C. Both
- D. Genes
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Father
70. 🧬 What controls the characteristics inherited from parents?
- A. Hormones
- B. Chromosomes
- C. Blood
- D. Environment
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Chromosomes
71. 🧬 In human beings, the number of chromosomes in a zygote is:
- A. 23
- B. 46
- C. 92
- D. 44
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. 46
72. 🧠 What is the chromosomal combination for a male child?
- A. XX
- B. XY
- C. YY
- D. XO
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. XY
73. 🧬 DNA is made up of:
- A. Amino acids
- B. Sugars and bases
- C. Nucleotides
- D. Proteins
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Nucleotides
74. 🧬 The presence of tail in some embryos indicates:
- A. Future structure
- B. Evolutionary relationship
- C. Mutation
- D. Reproduction
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Evolutionary relationship
75. 🧠 Who gave the theory of inheritance of acquired characters?
- A. Darwin
- B. Lamarck
- C. Mendel
- D. Sutton
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Lamarck
76. 🦴 Which is a connecting link between reptiles and birds?
- A. Dinosaur
- B. Pigeon
- C. Archaeopteryx
- D. Crocodile
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Archaeopteryx
77. 🔁 Which factor leads to evolution?
- A. Reproduction
- B. Variation
- C. Chromosome
- D. Fertilization
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Variation
78. 🧬 The units of heredity are:
- A. Chromosomes
- B. DNA
- C. Genes
- D. Nucleotides
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Genes
79. 🌍 Which of the following provides evidence of evolution?
- A. Photosynthesis
- B. Fossils
- C. Osmosis
- D. Germination
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Fossils
80. 🧬 A cross between two contrasting characters is called:
- A. Monohybrid cross
- B. Dihybrid cross
- C. Self cross
- D. Back cross
🔍 Show Answer
✅ A. Monohybrid cross
81. 🧬 Which of these is a sex-linked trait?
- A. Tongue rolling
- B. Hemophilia
- C. Eye color
- D. Skin tone
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Hemophilia
82. 🔍 The fossil of Archaeopteryx is a connecting link between:
- A. Mammals and birds
- B. Amphibians and reptiles
- C. Reptiles and birds
- D. Fishes and amphibians
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Reptiles and birds
83. 🧠 Inherited traits are controlled by:
- A. Hormones
- B. Gametes
- C. Genes
- D. Cytoplasm
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Genes
84. 🧬 Which of these represents a homozygous condition?
- A. Aa
- B. AB
- C. BB
- D. XY
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. BB
85. 🌱 The traits that are expressed only in homozygous condition are:
- A. Dominant
- B. Recessive
- C. Acquired
- D. Stable
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Recessive
86. 🧬 What happens during speciation?
- A. Formation of gametes
- B. Formation of zygotes
- C. Formation of new species
- D. DNA mutation
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Formation of new species
87. 🌍 Which of the following is not evidence of evolution?
- A. Homologous organs
- B. Fossils
- C. Analogous organs
- D. Excretion
🔍 Show Answer
✅ D. Excretion
88. 🧬 The gene for baldness is:
- A. Autosomal dominant
- B. Sex-linked recessive
- C. Autosomal recessive
- D. Sex-linked dominant
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Sex-linked recessive
89. 🧠 What is the functional unit of inheritance?
- A. Chromosome
- B. Gene
- C. DNA
- D. Allele
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Gene
90. 🧬 Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
- A. Lamarck
- B. Darwin
- C. Mendel
- D. Wallace
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Darwin
91. 🔍 Fossils are found in:
- A. Igneous rocks
- B. Sedimentary rocks
- C. Metamorphic rocks
- D. Volcanic rocks
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Sedimentary rocks
92. 🧬 Which of the following is not a vestigial organ in humans?
- A. Appendix
- B. Wisdom teeth
- C. Nails
- D. Ear muscles
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Nails
93. 🧠 In a monohybrid cross, the F2 generation shows phenotypic ratio:
- A. 1:2:1
- B. 3:1
- C. 9:3:3:1
- D. 1:1
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. 3:1
94. 🧬 Which pair of organs are analogous?
- A. Wings of bat and bird
- B. Forelimbs of frog and lizard
- C. Wings of butterfly and bat
- D. Human arm and cat’s leg
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Wings of butterfly and bat
95. 🌱 What determines the sex of a child in humans?
- A. Mother’s egg
- B. Father’s sperm
- C. X chromosome
- D. Y chromosome
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Father’s sperm
96. 🧬 Genes are located on:
- A. Nucleotides
- B. Chromosomes
- C. Centrioles
- D. Ribosomes
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Chromosomes
97. 🔍 Which scientist used X-ray diffraction to study DNA?
- A. Watson
- B. Crick
- C. Rosalind Franklin
- D. Mendel
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Rosalind Franklin
98. 🧬 Which of these crosses results in 9:3:3:1 ratio?
- A. Monohybrid
- B. Test cross
- C. Dihybrid
- D. Incomplete dominance
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Dihybrid
99. 🌍 The fossil study branch is known as:
- A. Anatomy
- B. Geology
- C. Paleontology
- D. Anthropology
🔍 Show Answer
✅ C. Paleontology
100. 🧬 In Mendel’s experiments, the F1 generation showed:
- A. Both traits equally
- B. Only dominant trait
- C. Only recessive trait
- D. Mutated traits
🔍 Show Answer
✅ B. Only dominant trait
📌 Frequently Asked Questions – Heredity and Evolution
🔹 What is the best way to prepare for Class 10 Science Chapter: Heredity and Evolution?
Focus on understanding key concepts like Mendel’s laws, traits, chromosomes, and evolution. Solve MCQs and past year questions to boost confidence.
🔹 Are these MCQs based on the latest CBSE syllabus for 2024–25?
Yes, all 100 MCQs are designed as per the latest CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus and exam guidelines for the academic year 2024–25.
🔹 Can I use these MCQs for revision before my board exams?
Absolutely! These questions are perfect for quick revision, mock tests, and improving accuracy in solving objective-type questions.
🔹 How many questions are expected from this chapter in the board exam?
Generally, 3–5 marks worth of MCQs and short questions are asked from Heredity and Evolution. Practicing these 100 MCQs covers all important topics.